Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. Also known as leiomyomas or myomas, these growths are very common, especially among women in their 30s and 40s. While many fibroids do not cause noticeable symptoms, others can lead to discomfort, heavy menstrual bleeding, and fertility problems.

In this post, we’ll explore what fibroids are, how to recognize them, and what treatment options are available.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are made of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary greatly in size. Some are as small as a seed, while others can grow large enough to distort the shape of the uterus. Women may have a single fibroid or multiple at the same time.

Fibroids are typically classified based on where they develop:

• Intramural fibroids: Grow within the wall of the uterus

• Submucosal fibroids: Bulge into the uterine cavity

• Subserosal fibroids: Extend outward from the uterus

• Pedunculated fibroids: Attached to the uterus by a thin stalk

Most fibroids are benign and don’t turn into cancer.

What Causes Fibroids?

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is not fully understood, but several factors appear to play a role:

• Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone promote the growth of fibroids. They often shrink after menopause when hormone levels decline.

• Genetics: A family history of fibroids increases the risk.

• Race: Fibroids are more common and tend to occur at a younger age in Black women.

• Lifestyle: Obesity, high blood pressure, and a diet low in fruits and vegetables may raise your risk.

Common Symptoms of Fibroids

Many women with fibroids experience no symptoms at all. However, when symptoms are present, they can include:

• Heavy or prolonged periods

• Pelvic pressure or pain

• Frequent urination

• Constipation

• Lower back or leg pain

• Pain during intercourse

• Bloating or a feeling of fullness

• Difficulty getting pregnant

These symptoms can affect daily life and may mimic other health conditions, so it’s important to consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.

How Are Fibroids Diagnosed?

If you suspect fibroids, a healthcare provider can usually detect them during a pelvic exam. Further tests may include:

• Ultrasound: A non-invasive imaging test that uses sound waves.

• MRI: Provides detailed images of the uterus and fibroids.

• Hysteroscopy: A small camera is inserted into the uterus to check for fibroids inside the uterine cavity.

• Sonohysterography: Uses saline and ultrasound to detect fibroids in the uterus.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

The right treatment depends on the size, number, and location of the fibroids, as well as the severity of symptoms and whether you want to have children in the future.

1. Watchful Waiting

If fibroids are small and not causing symptoms, your doctor may recommend monitoring them regularly without immediate treatment.

2. Medications

• Hormonal therapy (e.g., birth control pills) to regulate heavy periods

• GnRH agonists to shrink fibroids temporarily

• Non-hormonal drugs like NSAIDs to manage pain

Medications usually don’t eliminate fibroids, but they can relieve symptoms.

3. Non-surgical Procedures

• Uterine fibroid embolization (UFE): Blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink

• MRI-guided focused ultrasound: Uses sound waves to destroy fibroid tissue

These are minimally invasive options with shorter recovery times.

4. Surgical Options

• Myomectomy: Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus; ideal for women who want to maintain fertility

• Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus; a permanent solution for severe symptoms

Your doctor will help decide which option best suits your needs.

Can Fibroids Affect Fertility?

Yes, in some cases. Fibroids, especially those inside the uterine cavity, can interfere with implantation or increase the risk of miscarriage. However, many women with fibroids go on to have healthy pregnancies. If you’re trying to conceive and have fibroids, consult a fertility specialist.

Lifestyle Tips for Managing Fibroids

While you can’t always prevent fibroids, some lifestyle changes may help manage symptoms or reduce your risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight

• Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables

• Exercise regularly

• Limit red meat and high-sugar foods

• Manage stress through yoga, meditation, or walking

These habits support overall reproductive health and may reduce hormone imbalance.

Final Thoughts

Uterine fibroids are a common condition affecting many women during their reproductive years. While not usually dangerous, they can cause discomfort and impact quality of life. The good news is that effective treatments exist — from lifestyle changes to minimally invasive procedures and surgery.

If you’re experiencing symptoms like heavy periods, pelvic pressure, or fertility issues, don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor. Early diagnosis can lead to better outcomes and peace of mind.